Friday, July 31, 2009

simbiosim

Symbolism

Swiss-cast 1 kg gold bar
Gold bars at the Emperor Casino in Macau

Gold has been associated with the extremities of utmost evil and great sanctity throughout history. In the Book of Exodus, the Golden Calf is a symbol of idolatry and rebellion against God. In popular culture, the golden pocket watch and its fastening golden chain were the characteristic accessories of the capitalists, the rich and the industrial tycoons. Credit card companies associate their product with wealth by naming and coloring their top-of-the-range cards "gold" although, in an attempt to out-do each other, platinum has now overtaken gold.

In the Book of Genesis, Abraham was said to be rich in gold and silver, and Moses was instructed to cover the Mercy Seat of the Ark of the Covenant with pure gold. Eminent orators such as John Chrysostom were said to have a "mouth of gold with a silver tongue." Gold is associated with notable anniversaries, particularly in a 50-year cycle, such as a golden wedding anniversary, golden jubilee, etc.

Great human achievements are frequently rewarded with gold, in the form of medals and decorations. Winners of races and prizes are usually awarded the gold medal (such as the Olympic Games and the Nobel Prize), while many award statues are depicted in gold (such as the Academy Awards, the Golden Globe Awards the Emmy Awards, the Palme d'Or, and the British Academy Film Awards).

Medieval kings were inaugurated under the signs of sacred oil and a golden crown, the latter symbolizing the eternal shining light of heaven and thus a Christian king's divinely inspired authority. Wedding rings are traditionally made of gold; since it is long-lasting and unaffected by the passage of time, it is considered a suitable material for everyday wear as well as a metaphor for the relationship. In Orthodox Christianity, the wedded couple is adorned with a golden crown during the ceremony, an amalgamation of symbolic rites.

Toxicity

Pure gold is non-toxic and non-irritating when ingested[46] and is sometimes used as a food decoration in the form of gold leaf. It is also a component of the alcoholic drinks Goldschläger, Gold Strike, and Goldwasser. Gold is approved as a food additive in the EU (E175 in the Codex Alimentarius).

Soluble compounds (gold salts) such as potassium gold cyanide, used in gold electroplating, are toxic to the liver and kidneys. There are rare cases of lethal gold poisoning from potassium gold cyanide.[47][48] Gold toxicity can be ameliorated with chelation therapy with an agent such as Dimercaprol.

It was voted Allergen of the Year in 2001 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b "World Gold Council". http://www.invest.gold.org/sites/en/why_gold/demand_and_supply/. Retrieved on 2008-07-04. 
  2. ^ "Gold: causes of color". http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/9.html. Retrieved on 2009-06-06. 
  3. ^ "Relativity in Chemistry". Math.ucr.edu. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/gold_color.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  4. ^ Schmidbaur, Hubert; Cronje, Stephanie; Djordjevic, Bratislav; Schuster, Oliver (2005). "Understanding gold chemistry through relativity". Chemical Physics 311: 151–161. doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.09.023. 
  5. ^ "Gold Jewellery Alloys > Utilise Gold. Scientific, industrial and medical applications, products ,suppliers from the World Gold Council". Utilisegold.com. 2000-01-20. http://www.utilisegold.com/jewellery_technology/colours/colour_alloys/. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  6. ^ "Gold Backed Currency - MoneyTec.com Traders Community Forum". Moneytec.com. http://www.moneytec.com/forums/f33/gold-backed-currency-14196/. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  7. ^ "The healing power of precious metals". http://health.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=694367. Retrieved on 2009-06-06. 
  8. ^ a b Messori, L.; Marcon, G. (2004). "Gold Complexes in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis". in Sigel, Astrid. Metal ions and their complexes in medication. CRC Press. pp. 280–301. ISBN 9780824753511. http://books.google.de/books?id=wgifUs8dFbgC&pg=PA279. 
  9. ^ "BMJ: ''login required''". Besthealth.bmj.com. http://besthealth.bmj.com/btuk/conditions/14212.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  10. ^ Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Nanomedicine: Hybrid Nanoparticles In Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer - Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia
  11. ^ http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist
  12. ^ "The Food Dictionary: Varak". Barron's Educational Services, Inc. 1995. http://www.epicurious.com/cooking/how_to/food_dictionary/entry?id=5061. Retrieved on 2007-05-27. 
  13. ^ Guiness Book of World Records 2008
  14. ^ "The Many Uses of Gold". http://geology.com/minerals/gold/uses-of-gold.shtml. Retrieved on 2009-06-06. 
  15. ^ Super cars.net. 1994 McLaren F1
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  17. ^ "General Electric Contact Materials". Electrical Contact Catalog (Material Catalog). Tanaka Precious Metals. 2005. http://www.tanaka-precious.com/catalog/material.html. Retrieved on 2007-02-21. 
  18. ^ Nicholas Reeves, Egypt's False Prophet: Akhenaten, Thames & Hudson, p.69
  19. ^ "A Case for the World's First Coin: The Lydian Lion". http://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html. Retrieved on 2009-07-24. 
  20. ^ Mansa Musa - Black History Pages
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  22. ^ Moore, Mark A. (2006). "Reed Gold Mine State Historic Site". North Carolina Office of Archives and History. http://www.nchistoricsites.org/Reed/reed.htm. Retrieved on 2008-12-13. 
  23. ^ Garvey, Jane A. (2006). "Road to adventure". Georgia Magazine. http://www.georgiamagazine.org/archives_view.asp?mon=7&yr=2006&ID=1344. Retrieved on 2007-01-23. 
  24. ^ "Formation of Lode Gold Deposits". arizonagoldprospectors.com. http://arizonagoldprospectors.com/formation.htm. Retrieved on 2009-05-23. 
  25. ^ "Environment & Nature News - Bugs grow gold that looks like coral - 28/01/2004". http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1032376.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-22.  This is doctoral research undertaken by Frank Reith at the Australian National University, published 2004.
  26. ^ a b Audi, G. (2003). "The NUBASE Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties". Nuclear Physics A (Atomic Mass Data Center) 729: 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. 
  27. ^ Mandaro, Laura (2008-01-17). "China now world's largest gold producer; foreign miners at door - MarketWatch". MarketWatch<!. http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/china-now-worlds-largest-gold/story.aspx?guid=%7B8C528CE8%2D0262%2D485D%2DACEB%2D2247D18282CB%7D. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  28. ^ Beinhoff, Christian ([dead link] –Scholar search). Removal of Barriers to the Abatement of Global Mercury Pollution from Artisanal Gold Mining. http://www.unido.org/file-storage/download/?file_id=10644. 
  29. ^ Dan Plazak, A Hole in the Ground with a Liar at the Top (Salt Lake: Univ. of Utah Press, 2006) (contains a chapter on gold-from seawater swindles)
  30. ^ "The Myth of the Gold Supply Deficit". http://www.lewrockwell.com/blumen/blumen14.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-30. 
  31. ^ http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2008/03/indias-love-affair-with-gold-tarnishing.html
  32. ^ http://www.commodityonline.com/news/Gold-Why-China-outbeats-India-in-gold-reserves-17196-3-1.html
  33. ^ "World Gold Council > value > research & statistics > statistics > supply and demand statistics". http://www.gold.org/value/stats/statistics/gold_demand/index.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-22. 
  34. ^ "kitco.com: GOLD - London PM Fix 1975 - present (GIF)". http://kitco.com/LFgif/au75-pres.gif. Retrieved on 2006-07-22. 
  35. ^ a b "LBMA statistics". Lbma.org.uk. 2008-12-31. http://www.lbma.org.uk/2008dailygold.htm. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  36. ^ "kitco.com/LFgif/au3650nyb.gif". http://kitco.com/LFgif/au3650nyb.gif. 
  37. ^ "Gold starts 2006 well, but this is not a 25-year high! | Financial Planning". Ameinfo.com. http://www.ameinfo.com/75511.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  38. ^ "2008 London Gold Fixings". Lbma.org.uk. 2008-12-31. http://www.lbma.org.uk/2008dailygold.htm. Retrieved on 2009-04-05. 
  39. ^ "upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Longtermdowgoldlogtr1800.png". http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Longtermdowgoldlogtr1800.png. 
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  44. ^ Riedel, S.; Kaupp, M. (2006). "Revising the Highest Oxidation States of the 5d Elements: The Case of Iridium(+VII)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45 (22): 3708–3711. doi:10.1002/anie.200600274. 
  45. ^ S Dierks (May 2005). "Gold MSDS". Electronic Space Products International. http://www.espi-metals.com/msds's/gold.htm. 
  46. ^ I. H. Wright, C. J. Vesey (1986). "Acute poisoning with gold cyanide". Anaesthesia 41 (79): 936–939. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12920.x. 
  47. ^ Wu, Ming-Ling; Tsai, Wei-Jen; Ger, Jiin; Deng, Jou-Fang; Tsay, Shyh-Haw; Yang, Mo-Hsiung. (2001). "Cholestatic Hepatitis Caused by Acute Gold Potassium Cyanide Poisoning". Clinical toxicology 39 (7): 739–743. doi:10.1081/CLT-100108516.

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